[分享] MBA考试短文二

Erin

新生

Rank: 1

1^F 大中小发表于 2008-4-16 21:01 只看该作者

MBA考试短文二

5 L6 d2 t$ r/ e. m6 ?# W

Lesson 10 In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety
最近几年，全球许多国家面临着(be faced with)如何提高他们国家的员工劳动生产率(productive)的问题。一些专家声称(claim)答案是把工作变得更多样化(varied)。但是更多样化的工作确实会导致(lead to)更高的劳动生产率(productivity)吗？有证据表明(there is evidence)，尽管多样化(variety)certainly makes the workers' life more enjoyable, it does not actually make them work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.) |( P# r4 z: N0 H$ L( G

Other experts feel that giving the workers freedom to do their jobs in their own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about.
To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perhaps they want more only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them. ' B" l, V/ u/ I0 J" [" I9 W+ Z
的确能给工人的生活增加乐趣(enjoyable)，但实际上却不起到促使他们努力工作的作用。就增加(increase)劳动生产率(productivity)而言，多样化(variety)不是一个重要的因素。3 J2 f: l# z% ?0 A3 H. h& c
其它专家觉得，给员工用他们自己的方式(in their own way)工作的自由是很重要的，并且毫无疑问(there is no doubt that)，确实如此。问题是现代化的工厂里不能给予工人这种自由，因为它复杂的(complicated)设备(machinery)使他们只能采取固定的工作方式（in a fixed way)。因此，选择的自由固能重要，我们通常却几乎没有创造自由的机会。另外一个考虑(consideration)的重点是每位工人对他做的产品做了多大贡献(contribute)。在许多工厂，雇主正在实验用许多小的生产线(production line)而不是(rather than)一条大的生产线，结果(so that)，每位工人在他自己的小汽车生产线上做更多的贡献(contribute more)。看起来不仅仅工人的贡献 (contribution) 率是一个重要因素，我们能为此做的工作也是一个重要的因素。) B; _0 l* G7 n( l
在多大程度上(to what extent)，更多的钱会导致更高的劳动生产率呢？工人们自己肯定认为钱很重要。但是很可能他们要更多的钱仅仅是因为他们做的工作太过于烦人了。钱只会让工人们更多地享受他们自己的闲暇时间。一个类似的(similar)观点(argument)可能会解释为什么员工会要求更短的上班时间。或许如果我们能成功地 (succeed in) 使工人们对工作产生兴趣，那么他们就不会想得到更多的报酬，也不会总觉得减少工作时间是多么的重要了。

Lesson 11

When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get a good score on a certain kind of test, or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a style of life, a life, a way of behaving in various situations. The true test of intelligence is not how much we know how to do, but how we behave when we don't know what to do.) \/ _; V+ F0 K. @) B
' M7 C$ \3 V& a
The intelligent person, young or old, meeting a new situation or problem, opens himself up to it. He tries to take in with mind and senses everything he can about it. He 9 c4 C- V3 A/ X! W: m2 t' Y1 v' I
thinks about it, instead of about himself or + [6 E2 R0 Y5 S
我们谈论的智慧(intelligence)，不是指在某种考试(test)上获得高分(score)的能力(ability)，甚至也不是在学校表现良好的能力。就智慧而言，我们指的是一种生活的方式(style)，在各种不同(various)情况(situation)下表现出来的行为举止。真正检验是否有智慧(intelligence)的标准不是看我们在多大程度上懂得该怎么做，而是看我们在不知道该如何做时的表现(behave)。: }5 M: }! R' Z9 P
有智慧的(intelligent)人，无论年轻还是年老，遇到新的情况(situation)或问题时，他会敞开心胸去面对它。他会尽力用心理解(take in)，并且尽力感知(sense)到它的所有方面。他只考虑问题本身，不考虑自己或问what it might cause to happen to him. He grapples with it boldly, imaginatively, resourcefully, and if not confidently, at least hopefully; if he fails to master it, he looks without fear or shame at his mistakes and learns what he can from them. This is intelligence. Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life, and one's self with respect to life. Just as clearly, unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose, the same thing as intelligence, only less of it. It is an entirely different style of behavior, arising out of entirely different set of attitudes.6 ^) M' e+ d5 ^5 N4 X
Years of watching and comparing bright children with the not-bright, or less bright, have shown that they are very different kinds of people. The bright child is curious about life and reality, eager to get in touch with it, embrace it, unite himself with it. There is no wall, no barrier, between himself and life. On the other hand, the dull child isfar less curious, far less interested in what goes on and what is real, more inclined to live in a world of fantasy. The bright child likes to experiment, to try things out. He lives by the maxim（格言）that there is more than one way to skin a cat. If he can't do something one way, he'll try another. The dull child is usually afraid to try at all. It takes a great deal of urging to get him to try even once; if that try fails, he is through.

TOP

‹‹ 上一主题 | 下一主题 ››