MBA考试短文二
[b][/b]
[font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][b][size=14pt][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]Lesson 10[/color][/font][/size][/b][b][size=14pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/size][/b][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]In recent years many countries of the world have [b]been faced with [/b]the problem of how to make their workers more [b]productive[/b]. Some experts[b] claim[/b] the answer is to make jobs more [b]varied[/b]. But do more varied jobs [b]lead to[/b] greater [b]productivity[/b]? [b]There is evidence [/b]to suggest that while [b]variety[/b]
[/color][/font][color=#000000][font=宋体]最近几年，全球许多国家[b]面临着[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](be faced with)[/font][/b][font=宋体]如何提高他们国家的员工劳动[b]生产率[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](productive)[/font][/b][font=宋体]的问题。一些专家[b]声称[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](claim)[/font][/b][font=宋体]答案是把工作变得更[b]多样化[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](varied)[/font][/b][font=宋体]。但是更多样化的工作确实会[b]导致[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](lead to)[/font][/b][font=宋体]更高的劳动[b]生产率[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](productivity)[/font][/b][font=宋体]吗？[b]有证据表明[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](there is evidence)[/font][/b][font=宋体]，尽管[b]多样化[/b][/font][font=Times New Roman][b](variety)[/b]certainly makes the workers' life more [b]enjoyable[/b], it does not actually make them work harder. As far as [b]increasing productivity[/b] is concerned, then [b]variety[/b] is not an [b]important[/b] factor.[/font][/color]n |Y6~d#|#P
0i&@ IgXlF o
[font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]Other experts feel that giving the workers freedom to do their jobs [b]in their own way[/b] is important and [b]there is no doubt that[/b] this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its [b]complicated machinery[/b] which must be used [b]in a fixed way[/b]. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important [b]consideration[/b] is how much each worker [b]contributes[/b] to the [b]production lines rather than [/b]one large one, [b]so that[/b] each worker [b]contributes more [/b]to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker [b]contribution[/b] an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about.[/color][/font]
[color=#000000][font=Times New Roman][b]To what extent[/b] does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves [b]certainly[/b] think this important. But perhaps they want more only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A [b]similar argument[/b] may explain [b]demand[/b]s for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we [b]succeed in [/b]making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them. [/font][/color]4U%{ RZ%Y"q
[font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][color=#000000][font=宋体]的确能给工人的生活增加[b]乐趣[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](enjoyable)[/font][/b][font=宋体]，但实际上却不起到促使他们努力工作的作用。就[b]增加[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](increase)[/font][/b][font=宋体]劳动[b]生产率[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](productivity)[/font][/b][font=宋体]而言，[b]多样化[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](variety)[/font][/b][font=宋体]不是一个重要的因素。[/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]其它专家觉得，给员工[b]用他们自己的方式[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](in their own way)[/font][/b][font=宋体]工作的自由是很重要的，并且[b]毫无疑问[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](there is no doubt that)[/font][/b][font=宋体]，确实如此。问题是现代化的工厂里不能给予工人这种自由，因为它[b]复杂的[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](complicated)[/font][/b][b][font=宋体]设备[/font][font=Times New Roman](machinery)[/font][/b][font=宋体]使他们[b]只能采取固定的工作方式（[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman]in a fixed way)[/font][/b][font=宋体]。因此，选择的自由固能重要，我们通常却几乎没有创造自由的机会。另外一个[b]考虑[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](consideration)[/font][/b][font=宋体]的重点是每位工人对他做的产品做了多大[b]贡献[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](contribute)[/font][/b][font=宋体]。在许多工厂，雇主正在实验用许多小的[b]生产线[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](production line)[/font][/b][b][font=宋体]而不是[/font][font=Times New Roman](rather than)[/font][/b][font=宋体]一条大的生产线，[b]结果[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](so that)[/font][/b][font=宋体]，每位工人在他自己的小汽车生产线上做[b]更多的贡献[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](contribute more)[/font][/b][font=宋体]。看起来不仅仅工人的[b]贡献[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman] (contribution) [/font][/b][b][font=宋体]率[/font][/b][font=宋体]是一个重要因素，我们能为此做的工作也是一个重要的因素。[/font][/color]
[color=#000000][b][font=宋体]在多大程度上[/font][font=Times New Roman](to what extent)[/font][/b][font=宋体]，更多的钱会导致更高的劳动生产率呢？工人们自己肯定认为钱很重要。但是很可能他们要更多的钱仅仅是因为他们做的工作太过于烦人了。钱只会让工人们更多地享受他们自己的闲暇时间。一个[b]类似的[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](similar)[/font][/b][b][font=宋体]观点[/font][font=Times New Roman](argument)[/font][/b][font=宋体]可能会解释为什么员工会要求更短的上班时间。或许如果我们能[b]成功地[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman] (succeed in) [/font][/b][font=宋体]使工人们对工作产生兴趣，那么他们就不会想得到更多的报酬，也不会总觉得减少工作时间是多么的重要了。[/font][/color]
$l0j6L)fd
[font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font].Da6a7Ty [1k6odj8R
[align=center][align=center][b][size=14pt][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]Lesson 11[/color][/font][/size][/b][b][size=14pt][/size][/b][/align][/align][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]When we talk about [b]intelligence[/b], we do not mean the[b] ability [/b]to get a good [b]score [/b]on a certain kind of [b]test[/b], or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a [b]style[/b] of life, a life, a way of behaving in [b]various[/b] [b]situations[/b]. The true test of [b]intelligence[/b] is not how much we know how to do, but how we [b]behave[/b] when we don't know what to do.[/color][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]The[b] intelligent[/b] person, young or old, meeting a new [b]situation [/b]or problem, opens himself up to it. He tries to [b]take in [/b]with mind and [b]senses[/b] everything he can about it. He
thinks about it, instead of about himself or [/color][/font]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]我们谈论的[b]智慧[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](intelligence)[/font][/b][font=宋体]，不是指在某种[b]考试[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](test)[/font][/b][font=宋体]上获得高[b]分[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](score)[/font][/b][font=宋体]的[b]能力[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](ability)[/font][/b][font=宋体]，甚至也不是在学校表现良好的能力。就智慧而言，我们指的是一种生活的[b]方式[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](style)[/font][/b][font=宋体]，在各种[b]不同[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](various)[/font][/b][b][font=宋体]情况[/font][font=Times New Roman](situation)[/font][/b][font=宋体]下表现出来的行为举止。真正检验是否有[b]智慧[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](intelligence)[/font][/b][font=宋体]的标准不是看我们在多大程度上懂得该怎么做，而是看我们在不知道该如何做时的[b]表现[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](behave)[/font][/b][font=宋体]。[/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]有[b]智慧的[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](intelligent)[/font][/b][font=宋体]人，无论年轻还是年老，遇到新的[b]情况[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](situation)[/font][/b][font=宋体]或问题时，他会敞开心胸去面对它。他会尽力用心[b]理解[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](take in)[/font][/b][font=宋体]，并且尽力[b]感知[/b][/font][b][font=Times New Roman](sense)[/font][/b][font=宋体]到它的所有方面。他只考虑问题本身，不考虑自己或问[/font][font=Times New Roman]what it might cause to happen to him. He [b]grapples with it boldly[/b], imaginatively, [b]resourcefully[/b], and if not [b]confidently[/b], at least [b]hopefully[/b]; if he fails to master it, he looks without fear or [b]shame [/b]at his mistakes and learns what he can from them. This is intelligence. Clearly its [b]roots[/b] [b]lie in[/b] a certain feeling about life, and one's self[b] with respect to[/b] life. Just as clearly, [b]unintelligence[/b] is not what most [b]psychologists [/b]seem to[b] suppose[/b], the same thing as intelligence, only less of it. It is an[b] entirely [/b]different style of behavior, [b]arising out of[/b] entirely different set of attitudes.[/font][/color]7N+e"kI G
[color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Years of watching and [b]comparing bright [/b]children with the not-bright, or less bright, have shown that they are very different kinds of people. The bright child is[b] curious [/b]about life and [b]reality[/b], [b]eager to[/b] get in touch with it, [b]embrace[/b] it, unite himself with it. There is no wall, no [b]barrier[/b], between himself and life. On the other hand, the [b]dull[/b] child isfar less [b]curious,[/b] far less interested in what goes on and what is real, more [b]inclined to [/b]live in a world of [b]fantasy[/b]. The bright child likes to [b]experiment[/b], to [b]try things out[/b]. He lives by the maxim[/font][font=宋体]（格言）[/font][font=Times New Roman]that there is more than one way to skin a cat. If he can't do something one way, he'll try another. The dull child is usually afraid to try at all. It takes a great deal of [b]urging [/b]to get him to try even once; if that try fails, he is through. [/font][/color]
页:
[1]
